Última modificación: 2026-04-05
Resumen
La rehabilitación física en la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior juega un rol
importante para el desempeño de las actividades físicas en el paciente y en la vida diaria. Este se observa con mayor frecuencia en las actividades que generan movimientos bruscos de la articulación de la rodilla en los diferentes planos, exponiéndola a que sufra un enorme daño del ligamento cruzado anterior y una limitación de los movimientos articulares.
Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia de la rehabilitación en el ligamento cruzado anterior.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre las diferentes fuentes Pubmed, Scielo, EcuRed, Lilacs y Google Académico, las cuales nos aportaron información veraz para el desarrollo del estudio. En la misma se aplicaron los métodos: histórico-lógico, inductivo-deductivo y analítico-sintético, desde el 27 de febrero hasta el 23 de marzo del 2025. Se llevó a cabo en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana.
Resultados: En la literatura revisada se constató que la fisioterapia aplicada en diferentes etapas del manejo de la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior juega un rol importante para la recuperación del paciente.
Conclusión: Los pacientes lesionados del ligamento cruzado anterior que fueron sometidos a la fisioterapia se recuperaron con éxito de su lesión y elevaron su calidad de vida.
Citas
1. Erickson LN, Lucas KCH, Davis KA, Jacobs CA, Thompson KL, Hardy PA, et al. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Strength, Morphology, Physiology, and Knee Biomechanics Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2019;99(8):1010-1019. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz062
2. Toth MJ, Tourville TW, Voigt TB, Choquette RH, Anair BM, Falcone MJ, et al. Utility of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation to Preserve Quadriceps Muscle Fiber Size and Contractility After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Reconstruction: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Blinded Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(10):2429-2437. doi: 10.1177/0363546520933622
3. Jeong J, Choi DH, Shin CS. Core Strength Training Can Alter Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(1):183-192. doi: 10.1177/0363546520972990
4. Vidmar MF, Baroni BM, Michelin AF, Mezzomo M, Lugokenski R, Pimentel GL, et al. Isokinetic eccentric training is more effective than constant load eccentric training for quadriceps rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Brazilian J Phys Ther. 2020;24(5):424-432. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.07.003
5. Patterson BE, Barton CJ, Culvenor AG, Cooper RL, Crossley KM. Exercise-therapy and education for individuals one year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03919-6
6. Lim J-M, Cho J-J, Kim T-Y, Yoon B-C. Isokinetic knee strength and proprioception before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A comparison between home-based and supervised rehabilitation. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2019;32(3):421-429. doi: 10.3233/BMR-181237
7. Kaya D, Guney-Deniz H, Sayaca C, Calik M, Doral MN. Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Control Exercises on Knee Proprioception, Muscle Strength, and Functional Level in Patients with ACL Reconstruction. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1694695. doi: 10.1155/2019/1694695
8. Hughes L, Paton B, Haddad F, Rosenblatt B, Gissane C, Patterson SD. Comparison of the acute perceptual and blood pressure response to heavy load and light load blood flow restriction resistance exercise in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients and non-injured populations. Phys Ther Sport. 2018;33:54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.07.002
9. Johnson JL, Capin JJ, Arundale AJH, Zarzycki R, Smith AH, Snyder-Mackler L. A Secondary Injury Prevention Program May Decrease Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes: 2-Year Injury Rates in the ACL-SPORTS Randomized Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020;50(9):523-530. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9407
10. Forogh B, Aslanpour H, Fallah E, Babaei-Ghazani A, Ebadi S. Adding high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to the first phase of post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation does not improve pain and function in young male athletes more than exercise alone: a randomized single-blind clinical trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(5):514-522. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1399294
11. Coronado RA, Sterling EK, Fenster DE, Bird ML, Heritage AJ, Woosley VL, et al. Cognitive-behavioral-based physical therapy to enhance return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An open pilot study. Phys Ther Sport. 2020;42:82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.01.004
12. Minshull C, Gallacher P, Roberts S, Barnett A, Kuiper JH, Bailey A. Contralateral strength training attenuates muscle performance loss following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a randomised-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;121(12):3551-3559. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04812-3
13. Harput G, Ulusoy B, Yildiz TI, Demirci S, Eraslan L, Turhan E, et al. Cross-education improves quadriceps strength recovery after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019;27(1):68-75. doi: 10.1007/s00167-018-5040-1
14. Friedmann-Bette B, Profit F, Gwechenberger T, Weiberg N, Parstorfer M, Weber M-A, et al. Strength Training Effects on Muscular Regeneration after ACL Reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(6):1152-1161. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001564
15. Ofner M, Kastner A, Schwarzl G, Schwameder H, Alexander N, Strutzenberger G, et al. RegentK and Physiotherapy Support Knee Function after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture without Surgery after 1 Year: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Complement Med Res. 2018;25(1):30-37. doi: 10.1159/000479152
16. Labanca L, Rocchi JE, Laudani L, Guitaldi R, Virgulti A, Mariani PP, et al. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Superimposed on Movement Early after ACL Surgery. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(3):407-416. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001462
17. Ilfeld BM, Plunkett A, Vijjeswarapu AM, Hackworth R, Dhanjal S, Turan A, et al. Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Pilot Study. Anesthesiology. 2021;135(1):95-110. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003776
18. Sole G, Lamb P, Pataky T, Klima S, Navarre P, Hammer N. Immediate and 6-week effects of wearing a knee sleeve following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a cross-over laboratory and randomised clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):655. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04540-x
19. Kacin A, Drobnič M, Marš T, Miš K, Petrič M, Weber D, et al. Functional and molecular adaptations of quadriceps and hamstring muscles to blood flow restricted training in patients with ACL rupture. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021;31(8):1636-1646. doi: 10.1111/sms.13968
20. Achenbach L, Krutsch V, Weber J, Nerlich M, Luig P, Loose O, et al. Neuromuscular exercises prevent severe knee injury in adolescent team handball players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(7):1901-1908. doi: 10.1007/s00167-017-4758-5
21. Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz K, Głąb G, Ślusarski J, Gądek A. Quadriceps muscle strength recovery with the use of high tone power therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):975. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04862-w
22. Levinger P, Hallam K, Fraser D, Pile R, Ardern C, Moreira B, et al. A novel web-support intervention to promote recovery following Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;27:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.06.001.